Simon Schuster, 1958).
2. S. Kierkegaard, cited in R. May, The Meaning of Anxiety, rev. ed. (New York:
W. W. Norton, 1977), p. 37.
3. M. Heidegger, Being and Time (New York: Harper : Row, 1962), p. 294.
4. F. Nietzsche. The Gay Science, trans. W. Kaufman (New York: Random House,
Vintage, 1974), p. 37.
5. M. Montaigne, The Complete Essays of Montaigne, trans. D. Frame (Stanford,
Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1945), p. 65.
6. G. Santayana, cited in K. Fisher, "Ultimate Goals in Psychotherapy", Journal of
Existentialism (Winter 1966-67) 7:215-32.
7. R. Assagioli, Psychosynthesis (New York: Viking Press, 1971), p. 116.
8. P. Landsbuig, cited in J. Choron. Death and Western Thought (New York: Collier
Books, 1963), p. 16.
9. J. Donne, Complete Poetry and Selected Prose (New York: Modern Library. 1952)
p 332.
10. R. Gardner, "The Guilt Reaction of Parents of Children with Severe Physical
Disease", American Journal of Psychiatry (1969), 126:82-90.
II. Heidegger, Being and Time, p. 105.
12. S. Golburgh and C. Rotman. "The Terror of Life: A Latent Adolescent Night-
mare". Adolescence (1973), 8:569-74.
13. E. Jaques, "Death and the Mid-Life Crisis". International Journal of Psychoanat-
ysis (1965). 46:502-513.
14. С. Jung, cited in D. Levinson, The Seasons of a Man s Life (New York: Alfred
A. Knopf. 1978). p. 4.
15. D. Krantz, Radical Career Change: Life Beyond Work (New York: Free Press, 1978).
16. R, Noyes, "Attitude Changes Following Near-Death Experiences," Psychiatry,
ill press.
17. Montaigne, Complete Essays, p. 62.
18. A. Kurland, et al. "Psychedelic Therapy Utilizing LSD in the Treatment ofthe
Alcoholic Patient". American Journal of Psychiatry (1967) l23(10):1202-9.
19. 1. Silbermann, The Psychical Experience during the Shocks in Shock-Therapy",
International Journal ofPsychoanalysis (1940) 21:179-200.
20. P. K.oestenbaum, Is There an Answer to Death? (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-
Hall, 1976). pp. 31-41,65-74.
21. E. Aronson. oral communication, 1977.
22. J. Laube. "Deatli and Dying Workshop for Nurses: Its Effects on Their Death
Anxiety Level", International Journal of Nursing Students (1977) 14:111-120; P. Murray,
"Death Education and Its Effects on the Death Anxiety Level of Nurses", Psychological
Reports (1974) 35:1250; J. Bugental. "Confronting the Existential Meaning of My Death
Througli Group Exercises", Interpersonal Development (1973) 4:1948-63; and W. Whelan
and W. Warren, "A Death Awareness Workshop: Theory Application and Results", un-
published manuscript, 1977.
23. Whelan and Warren. "Death Awareness Workshop".
24. J. Fowles, Daniel Martin (Boston: Little, Brown. 1977), p. 177.
25. 1. Yaloni, et al. "The Written Summary as a Group Psychotherapy Technique",
Archives of General Psychiatry (1975) 32:605-13.
26. G. Zilboorg. "Fear of Death". Psychoanalytic Quarterly (1943) 12:465-75.
27. S. Freud, Three Essays on the Theory of Sexualify, vol. VII in Standard Edition
(London: Hogarth Press, 1957: originally publislied, 1905), pp. 125-231.
28. M. Stern. "Fear of Deatli and Neurosis". Journal of American Psychoanatylic
Association (May 1966), pp. 3-31.
29. Dante Alighieri. La Divina Commedia (Florence, Italy: Casa Editrice Nerbiiii,
n. d.); translation by John Freccero, 1980.
30. Jaques, "Death and the Mid-Life Crisis".
31. H. Rosenberg. "The Fear of Death as an Indispensable Factor in Psychothera-
py". American Journal of Psychotherapy (1963) 17:619-30.
53. J. Rotter, "Some Implications of Social Learning Theory for the Prediction of Goal
Directed Behavior from Testing Procedures", Psychology Review (1960) 67:301-16.
54, W. Mischel, R. Zeiss. and A. Zeiss. "Internal-External Control and Persistence",
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (1974) 29:265-78.
55. Phares, Locus of Control, p. 7.
56. Ibid.. pp. 144-56.
57. Ibid., p. 149.
58. P. Duz, "Comparison of the Effects ofBehaviorally Oriented Action and Psycho-
therapy Reeducation of Intraversion-Extraversion, Emotionality, and Internal-External
Control", Journal of Counseling Psychology (1970) 17:567-72.
59. Witkin, "Psychological Differentiation", Rotter, "Some Implications", and
Phares. Locus of Control.
60. R. RyckmanandM. Sherman, "Relationship between Self Esteem and Internal-
External Locus of Control". Psychological Reports (1973) 32:1106; and В. Fish and S.
Karabenick, " Relationshi p between Self Esteem and Locus of Control , Psychological Reports
(1971) 29:784.
61. D. Kilpatrick, W. Dubin. and D. Marcotte, "Personality, Stress ofthe Medical Edu-
cation Process and Changes in Affective Mood State", Psychology Reports (1974) 3:1215-23.
62. F. Melges and A. Weisz, "The Personal Future and Suicidal Ideation", Journal of
Nervous and Mental Disease (1971) 153:244-50; and H. Lefcourt, Locus of Control (Hilis-
dale, N.J.: Lawrence Eribaum, 1976), p. 148.
63. J. Shybutt, "Time Perspective, Internal vs. External Control and Severity of Psy-
chological Disturbance", Journal of Clinical Psychology (1968) 24:312-15; and С. Smith,
M. Peyer, and М. Distefano, "Internal-External Control and Severity Emotional Impair-
ment," Journal of Clinical Psychology (1971) 27:449-50.
64. M. Harrow and A. Ferrante, "Locus of Control in Psychiatric Patients," Journal
ofConsulting and Clinical Psychology (1969) 33:582-89; and R. Cromwell, "Description
of Parental Behavior in Schizophrenic and Normal Subjects", Journal of Personality (1961)
29:363-79.
65. С. Fersten, "A Functional Analysis of Depression", American Psychologist (1973)
28:857-70; P. Lewinsohn, cited in Lefcourt, Aspects of Depression: W. Miller and M.
Seligman, "Depression and the Perception of Reinforcement", Journal of Abnormal Psy-
chology (1973) 82:62-73; and L. Abramson and H. Sackeim, "A Paradox in Depression:
Uncontrollability and Self-Blame", Psychology Bulletin (1977) 84:838-52.
66. A, Tolor and M. Reznikoff, "Relation between Insight, Repression-Sensitization,
Internal-External Control and Death Anxiety". Journal of Abnormal Psychology (1967)
72:426-31.
67. A. Berman and J. Hays, "Relation between Death Anxiety, Belief in Afterlife,
and Locus of Control", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (1973) 41:318.
К главе 5 ,
1. N. Kazantzakis, The Odyssey: A Modern Sequel, trans. Kimon Friar (New York:
Simon Schuster, 1958).
2. S. Kierkegaard, cited in R. May. The Meaning of Anxiety, rev. ed. (New York:
W. W. Norton, 1977), p. 37.
3. M. Heidegger. Being and Time (New York: Harper : Row. 1962), p. 294.
4. F. Nietzsche, The Gay Science, trans. W. Kaufman (New York: Random House,
Vintage, 1974), p. 37.
5. M.Montaigne, The Complete Essays of Montaigne, trans. D. Frame (Stanford,
Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1945), p. 65.
6. G. Santayana, cited in K.. Fisher. "Ultimate Goals in Psychotherapy", Journal of
Existentialism (Winter 1966-67) 7:215-32.
7. R. Assagioli, Psychosynthesis (New York: Viking Press, 1971), p. 116.
8. P. Landsburg, cited in J. Choron, Death and Western Thought (New York: Collier
Books, 1963), p. 16.
9. J. Donne, Complete Poetry and Selected Prose (New York: Modem Library, 1952)
p 332.
10. R. Gardner, "The Guilt Reaction of Parents of Children with Severe Physical
Disease", American Journal of Psychiatry (1969), 126:82-90.
II. Heidegger, Being and Time, p. 105.
12. S. Golburgh and C. Rotman. "The Terror of Life: A Latent Adolescent Night-
mare". Adolescence (1973), 8:569-74.
13. E. Jaques, "Death and the Mid-Life Crisis", International Journal of Psychoanal-
M (1965), 46:502-513.
14. С. Jung, cited in D. Levinson, The Seasons of a Man s Life (New York: Alfred
A. Knopf. 1978), p. 4.
15. D. Krantz, Radical Career Change: Life Beyond Work (New York: Free Press, 1978).
16. R. Noyes, "Attitude Changes Following Near-Death Experiences," Psychiatry,
ill press.
17. Montaigne. Complete Essays, p. 62.
18. A. Kurland, et al. "Psychedelic Therapy Utilizing LSD in the Treatment ofthe
Alcoholic Patient", American Journal of Psychiatry (1967) 123(10):1202-9.
19. 1. Silbermann, Tile Psychical Experience during the Shocks in Shock-Therapy",
International Journal ofPsychoanatysis (1940) 21:179-200.
20. P. Koestenbaum, Is There an Answer to Death? (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-
Hall, 1976), pp. 31-41,65-74.
21. E. Aronson. oral communication. 1977.
22. J. Laube, "Death and Dying Workshop for Nurses: Its Effects on Their Death
Anxiety Level", International Journal of Nursing Students (1977) 14:111-120; P. Murray,
"Death Education and Its Effects on the Death Anxiety Level of Nurses". Psychological
Reports (1974) 35:1250; J. Bugental. "Confronting the Existential Meaning of My Death
Through Group Exercises", Interpersonal Development (1973) 4:1948-63: and W. Whelan
and W. Warren, "A Death Awareness Workshop: Theory Application and Results", un-
published manuscript. 1977.
23. Whelan and Warren. "Death Awareness Workshop".
24. J. Fowles. Daniel Martin (Boston: Little, Brown. 1977), p. 177.
25. 1. Yalom, et al. "Tire Written Summary as a Group Psychotherapy Technique",
Archives of General Psychiatry (1975) 32:605-13.
26. G. Zilboorg, "Fear of Death". Psychoanalytic Quarterly (1943) 12:465-75.
(London: Hogarth Press, 1957: originally published. 1905), pp. 125-231.
28. M. Stern. "Fear of Death and Neurosis", Journal of American Psychoanalytic
Association (May 1966), pp. 3-31.
29. Dante Alighieri. La Divina Commedia (Florence, Italy: Casa Editrice Nerbiiii,
n. d.): translation by John Freccero, 1980.
30. Jaques, "Death and the Mid-Life Crisis".
31. H. Rosenberg, "The Fear of Death as an Indispensable Factor in Psychothera-
py", American Journal of Psychotherapy (1963) 17:619-30.
32. J. Breuer and S. Freud. Studies on Hysteria, vol. II in Standard Edition (London:
Hogarth Press, 1964; originally published, 1895), p. 268.
33. M. Eliade, Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton
University Press. 1964), p. 43.
34. Ibid., p. 45.
35. Stem, "Fear of Death".
36. J. Bugental, The Search for Authenticity (New York: Holt, Rinehart Winston,
1965). p. 167.
37. J. Hinton. "Tile Influence of Previous Personality on Reactions to Having Termi-
nal Cancer", Omega (1975) 6:95-111.
38. F. Nietzsche, cited in N. Brown. Life Against Death (New York: Vintage Books,
1959), p. 107.
39. H. Searles, "Schizophrenia and the Inevitability of Death", Psychiatric Quarterly
(1961) 35:631-55.
40. Montaigne, Complete Essays, p. 268.
41. Whelan and Warren, "Death Awareness Workshop".
42. D. Kaller, "An Evaluation of a Self-Instructional Program Designed to Reduce
Anxiety and Fear about Death and of the Relation of That Program to Sixteen Personal
History Variables". Dissertation Abstracts (May 1975) 35(11):7125-A.
43. E. Pratt, "A Death Education Laboratory as a Medium for Influencing Feelings
Toward Death". Dissertation Abstracts (1974) 4026(B).
44. Laube, "Death and Dying Workshop".
45. Murray, "Death Education".
К главе б
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Library, 1956). p. 633.
2. J. Sartre, Nausea, trans. Hazel Bames (New York: New Directions, 1964), pp.
126-130.
3. The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. P. Edwards, vol. IV (New York: Macrnillan
and Free Press, 1967). p. 308.
4. J. Russel, "Sartre. Therapy, and Expanding the Concept of Responsibility", Amer-
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5. Sartre, Being and Nothingness, p. 566.
6. Sartre, cited in D. FoUesdal, "Sartre on Freedom", in Library of Living Philoso-
phers, ed. Paul Schilpp (Evanston: Northwestern University Press), forthcoming.
7. Encyclopedia of Philosophy, vol. V, pp. 416-19.
8. E. Fromm. Escape from Freedom (New York: Holt, Rinehart Winston, 1941).
9. R. Kogod, oral communication. 1974.
10. V. M. Catch and M. Temerlin. "Belief in Psychic Determinism and the Behav-
ior of the Psychotherapist", Review of Existential Psychology and Psychiatry (1965) 5:16-
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II. M. Mazer, "The Therapeutic Function of the Belief in Will". Psychiatry (1960)
23:45-52.
12. F. Peris, cited in J. Russel, "Sartre, Therapy".
13. F. Peris and P. Baumgardner, Legacy from Frit (Palo Alto, Calif.: Science and
Behavior Books. 1975), pp. 45-46.
14. A. Levitsky and F. Peris, "The Rules and Games of Gestalt Therapy", in Gestalf
Therapy Now, ed. J. Fagan and lrma Lee Shepherd (Palo Alto: Science and Behavior
Books, Inc., 1973), p. 143.
15. Ibid., p. 98.
16. F. Peris, Gestalt Therapy Verbatim (New York: Bantam Books, 1969), p. 80.
17. V. Franki, The Will to Meaning (Cleveland, 0.: New American Library, 1969),
pp. 101-7.
18. J. Haley. Uncommon Therapy: The Psychiatric Techniques of Milton Erickson (New
York: W. W. Norton, 1973); and P. Watziawick, J. Beavin, and D. Jackson, Pragmat-
ics of Human Communication (New York: W. W. Norton, 1967).
19. Peris and Baumgardner, Legacy from Frit, p. 117.
20. F. Peris, Gestalt Therapy Verbatim, p. 79.
21. Ibid.. pp. 69-70.
22. Peris and Baumgardner, Legacy from Fritz, p. 44.
23. Ibid., p. 44-45.
24. Peris, Gestalt Therapy Verbatim, p. 79.
25. R. Drye, R. Goulding, and M. Goulding, "No Suicide Decision: Patient Mon-
itoring of Suicidal Risk", American Journal of Psychiatry (1973) 130:171-74.
26. H. Kaiser, Effective Psychotherapy: The Contribution of Hellmuth Kaiser, ed. L.
Fierman (New York: Free Press. 1965).
27. Ibid.. p. 135.
28. Ibid., p. 126.
29. Ibid., p. 129.
30. H. Kaiser, "The Problem of Responsibility in Psychotherapy". Psychiatry (1955)
18:205-11.
31. Kaiser, Effective Psychotherapy: The Contribution of Hellmuth Kaiser, pp. 159ff.
32. Ibid., pp. 172-202.
33. W. Dyer, Your Erroneous Zones (New York: Avon Books, 1977).
34. Ibid., p. 14.
35. W. Dyer, Pulling Your Own Strings (New York: Funk WagnaUs, 1978).
36. G. Weinberg, Self-Creation (New York: Avon Books, 1978),
37. Dyer, Your Erroneous Zones, pp. 194-196.
38. Ibid,, pp. 214-215.
39. A. Lazarus and A. Fay, / Can If I Want To (New York: William Morrow, 1975).
40. N. Lande. Mindstyles Lifestyles (Los Angeles: Price, Stern, Sloan, 1976), pp.
135-46.
41. A. Bry. EST- 60 Hours That Transform Your Life (New York: Harper Row,
1976), pp. 49-50.
42. Ibid., p. 53.
43. L. Rhinehart. The Book of EST (New York: Holt, Rinehart . Winston, 1976),
pp. 142-44.
44. Bry. EST. p. 59.
45. Rhinehart, The Book of EST, pp. 144-45.
46. Bry, EST. p. 61.
47. Ibid., pp. 71.
48. Ibid.. p. 72-73.
49. Ibid.. p. 73.
50. Ibid., p. 72.
51. Ibid., p. 76.
52. Ibid., pp. 72-73.
53. Ibid., p. 128.
54. Ibid., p. 129.
55. S. Fenwick, Getting It: The Psychology ofST (New York: J. P. Lippincott., 1976),
p. 181.
56. R. Ryckman and M. Sherman, "Relationship between Self-Esteem and Inter-
nal-External Locus of Control", Psychological Report (1973) 32:1106; and В. Fish and S.
Karabenich. "Relationships between Self-Esteem and Locus of Control", Psychological
Reports (1971) 29:784-87.
57. D. Kilpatrick, W. Dubin, and D. Marcotte, "Personality, Stress of the Medical
Education Process and Changes in Affect Mood State", Psychological Reports (1974) 3:1215-
23.
58. F. Melgas and A. Weisz. "The Personal Future and Suicidal Ideation", Journal of
Nervous and Mental Disease (1971) 153:244-50; and H. Lefcourt, Locus of Control (New
Jersey: Lawrence Eribaum 1976), p. 148.
59. J. Rotter, "Generalized Expectancies for Internal vs. External Control of Rein-
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60. J. Easteibrook, The Determinants of Free Wil! (New York; Academic Press, 1978),
p. 26.
61. M. Harrow and A. Ferrante, "Locus of Control in Psychiatric Patients", Journal
ofConsulting and Clinical Psychology (1969) 33:582-89: and R. Cromwell, "Description
of Parental Behavior in Schizophrenic and Normal Subjects", Journal of Personality (1961)
29:363-79.
62. J. Shybutt, "Time Perspective, Internal vs. External Control and Severity of Psy-
chological Disturbance", Journal of Clinical Psychology (1968) 24:312-15: and С. Smith,
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ment", Journal of Clinical Psychology (1971) 27:449-50.
63. С. Fersten, "A Functional Analysis of Depression", American Psychologist (1973)
28:857-70; P. Lewinsohn. cited in Lefcourt, Locus of Control; W. Miller and M. Selig-
man, "Depression and the Perception of Reinforcement", Journal of Abnormal Psychology
(1973) 82:62-73: and L. Abramson and H. Sackeim, "A Paradox in Depression: Uncon-
trollability and Self-Blame", Psychological Bulletin (1977) 84:838-52.
64. M. Seligman, Helplessness: On Depression, Development and Death (San Francisco:
W. H. Freeman, 1975).
65. M. Seligman and S. Maier, "Failure of Escape Traumatic Shock", Journal of
Experimental Psychology (1967) 74:1-9; and J. Overmier and M. Seligman, "Effects of
Inescapable Shock upon Subsequent Escape", Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psy-
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66. D. Hiroto, "Locus of Control and Learned Helplessness". Journal of Experimental
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69. W. Miller and M. Seligman, "Depression and the Perception of Reinforcement",
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70. Abramson and Sackeim, "A Paradox"
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72. Abramson and Sackeim, "A Paradox".
73. Lefcourt, Locus of Control, pp. 96-109: and J. Phares, Locus of Control in Per-
sonality (Morristown, N.).: General Learning Press, 1976), pp. 144-56.
74. Phares, Locus of Control: and C. Crandall, W. Katkovsky, and V. Crandall,
"Childrens Beliefs in Their Own Control of Reinforcement in Intellectual-Academic Situ-
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75. J. Gillis and R. Jessor, "Effects of Brief Psychotherapy on Belief in Internal Con-
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77. S. Nowick and J. Bernes, "Effects of a Structured Camp Experience on Locus of
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78. M. Foulds, "Change in Locus of Internal-External Control," Comparative Group
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80. D. York and C. Eisman, unpublished study.
81. J. Dreyer, University of West Virginia, unpublished study.
82. M. Lieberman, N. Solow, G. Bond. and J. Reibstein, "The Psychotherapeutic
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83. L. Horowitz, "On the Cognitive Structure of Interpersonal Problems Treated in
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84. G. Helweg, cited in J. Phares, Locus of Control, p. 169.
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86. К. Wilson, cited in Phares, Locus of Control, pp. 169-70.
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88. В. Skinner, cited in A. Bandura, Social Learning Theory (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.;
Prentice Hall, 1977), p. 203.
89. L. Binswanger, Sigmund Freud: Reminiscences of a Friendship, trans. N. Guter-
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91. lbid.;andA. Bandura. "The Self System in Reciprocal Determinism", American
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92. Bandura, "Presidential Address", p. 633.
93. Epictetus, cited in H. Arendt, Willing-The Life of the Mind, vol. II (New York:
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94. Sartre, Being and Nothingness, p. 629.
95. S. Freud, The Psychopathology of Everyday Life, vol. VI in Standard Edition (Lon-
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97. 1. Yalom and C. Greaves, "Group Therapy with the Terminally III", American
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104. Ibid., p. 329.
105. Ibid., p. 330.
106. P. Tillich, The Courage to Be (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1952)
p. 52.
107. S. Kierkegaard, The Sickness Unto Death (New York: Doubleday, 1941), pp.
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108. M. Friedman, introduction to M. Buber, Between Man and Man (New York:
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1962), p. 5.
114. M. Buber, The Knowledge of Man (New York: Harper Row, 1965), pp. 121-
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115. G. Murphy, Human Potentialities (New York: Basic Books, 1958).
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121. Maslow, Psychology of Being, pp. 19-41.
122. К. Homey, Neurosis and Human Growth (New York: W. W. Norton, 1950).
123. Ibid., p. 17.
124. Maslow, Psychology of Being, pp. 3-4.
125.). S. Mill, cited in Arendt, Willing, p. 9.
126. St. Augustine, cited in Arendt, Willing, p. 98.
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Schocken, 1948), p. 350.
128. F. Kafka, The Trial (New York: Modem Library, Random House, 1956), pp.
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129. J. Heuscher, "Inauthenticity, Flight from Freedom, Despair," American Jour-
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130. Kafka, The Trial, p. 266.
131. Kafka, cited in M. Buber, The Knowledge of Man (New York: Harper Row,
1965) p. 143.
132. Buber, Knowledge of Man. p. 143.
133. Heuscher, "Inauthenticity".
134. Ibid.
135. S. Kierkegaard, cited in R. May, The Meaning of Anxiety, rev. ed. (New York:
W. W. Norton, 1977) p. 40.
К главе 7
1. A. Wheelis, "The Place of Action in Personality Change," Psychiatry (1950) 13:135-
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2. A. Wheelis, "Win and Psychoanalysis," Journal ofPsychoanatytic Association (1956)
4:285-303.
4. Б. Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, vol. I (New York: Basic Books,
1953), p. 41.
5. S. Freud, cited in R. May, Love and Will (New York: W. W. Norton, 1969),
p. 183.
6. May, Love and Will, p. 183.
7, S. Freud, The Ego and the Id. vol. XIX in Standard Edition (London: Hogarth Press,
1961, originally published in 1923), p. 50.
8. May, Love and Will, p. 198.
9. Т. Hobbes, cited in H. Arendt, Willing, vol. II in The Life of Mind (New York:
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978), p. 23.
10. В. Spinoza, The Chief Works, ed. R. H. Elwes, vol. II (New York: Dover, 1951),
p. 390.
II. May, Love and Will, pp. 197-98.
12. Aristotle, cited in Arendt, Willing, pp. 15-18.
13. Arendt, Willing, p. 32.
14. 1. Kant, cited in Arendt, Willing, p. 6.
15. L. Faiber, The Ways of the Will (New York: Basic Books, 1966), p. 27.
16. Wheelis, "Will and Psychoanalysis".
17. S. Arieti, The Will to Be Human (New York: Quadrangle Books, 1972), p. 2.
18. Wheelis. "Will and Psychoanalysis".
19. Arendt, Willing, p. 15.
20. A. Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation (Indian Hills, Col.: Fal-
cons Wing Press, 1958).
21. F. Nietzsche, cited in Arendt, Willing, p. 161.
22. Aristotle, cited in Arendt, Willing, p. 16.
23. Arendt, Willing, p. 13: and May, Love and Will, p. 243.
24. W. James, Psychology (Greenwich, Conn.: Faweett, 1963), pp. 376-80.
25. E. Becker, Denial of Death (New York: Free Press, 1973).
26. 0. Rank, Will Therapy and Truth and Reality trans. J. Taft, (New York: Alfred
A. Knopf, 1945).
27. Ibid., p. III.
28. Ibid., p. 24.
29. Ibid., p. 28.
30. 0. Rank, "The Training of the Will and Emotional Development," Journal of Otto
Rant. Associates, (December 1967) 3:51-74.
31. Ibid., p. 68.
32. Ibid., p. 68.
33. Ibid.. p. 69.
34. Rank, Will Therapy, p. 230.
53.
54.
35. Ibid., p. 7.
36. Ibid., p. 9.
37. Ibid., p. 12.
38. Ibid., p. 8.
39. Ibid., p. II.
40. S. Tornkins, cited in R. May, Love and Will (New York: W. W. Norton, 1969),
p. 194.
41. Wheelis, "Will and Psychoanalysis".
42. Rank, Wil! Therapy, p. 16.
43. Ibid, p. 56.
44. L. Faiber, The Ways of the Will (New York: Basic Books, 1966).
45. Ibid., p. 8.
46. Ibid., p. 15.
47. May, Love and Will, p. 197.
48. Ibid., p. 211.
49. Ibid., p. 243.
50. Ibid., p. 211.
51. S. Freud, Interpretation of Dreams, vol. V in Standard Edition (London: Hogarth
Press, 1953; originally published in 1900). pp. 565-70.
52. Ibid., pp. 550-572.
May, Love and Will, p. 210.
Ibid., p. 211.
55. Ibid., p. 218.
56. Ibid.
57. Rank, Will Therapy, p. 12.
58. H. Arendt, Willing, p. 158.
59. E. Keen, cited in May, Love and Will, p. 268.
60. May. Love and Will, p. 165.
61. J. Nemiah, "Alexithymia and Psychosomatic Illness", Journal of Continuing Ed-
ucation and Psychiatry (October 1978) pp. 25-38.
62. S. Freud, Studies on Hysteria, vol. II in Standard Edition (London: Hogarth Press,
1955; originally published, 1895).
63. I, Yalom, Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy (New York: Basic Books,
1975), pp. 77-79.
64. S. Rose, "Intense Feeling Therapy", in Emotional Flooding, ed. P. Olsen (New
York: Penguin Books, 1977), pp. 80-96.
65. Т. Stampfl and D. Lewis, "Essentials of Implosive Therapy", Лита! of Abnor-
mal Psychology (1967) 6:496-503.
66. A. Lowen, Bioenergetics (N.Y.: Coward, McCann Geoghegan, 1975).
67. P. Olsen, Emotional Flooding, p. 77.
68. A. Janov, The Primal Scream (New York: G. P. Putnam, 1970).
69. J. P. Sartre, The Age of Reason (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952), p. 144.
70. 1. Yalom, Bloch, et al, "The Impact of a Weekend Group Experience on Indi-
vidual Therapy", Archives of General Psychiatry (1977) 34:399-415.
71. D. Hamburg, oral communication, 1968.
72. F. Alexander and Т. French, Psychoanalytic Theory: Principles and Applications
(New York: Ronald Press, 1946).
73. F. Peris, The Gestalt Approach and Eye-Witness to Therapy (Palo Alto, Calif.: Sci-
ence and Behavior Books, 1973), p. 63.
74. Ibid., pp. 63-64.
75. Ibid., p. 68.
76. Ibid., pp. 73-74.
77. Ibid., p. 78.
78. F. Peris, Gestalt Therapy Verbatim (Toronto, New York and London: Bantam Books,
1971), p. 1.
79. E. Polster and M. Polster, Gestalf Therapy Integrated (New York: Brunner Ma-
zei, 1973), p. 229.
80. May. Love and Will, p. 216.
81. J. Bugental, "Intentionality and Ambivalence", in William James: Unfinished Busi-
ness, ed. R. MacLeod (Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 1969),
pp. 93-98.
82. Ibid.
83.
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