Контингент собак на тихуанской свалке стратифицирован. Каждый слой испытывает свой спектр давления отбора. В отношении питания и заботы со стороны человека эти слои — как различные социальные классы. Однако репродуктивной стратификации нет, и имеются широкие возможности для обмена генами между слоями. Постоянные обитатели свалки могут скрещиваться с породистыми «посетителями», а также спариваться друг с другом. Какие-то щенки останутся на свалке, а некоторые попадут к людям и будут — в зависимости от хозяина — воспитаны как охотничьи, сторожевые или бойцовые собаки. Добившись успехов на навязанном попроще, собака может стать основателем новой породы.
Но породой для каких целей? Если я возьму первого попавшегося щенка с тихуанской свалки и правильно социализирую его, что получится и какую работу он сможет выполнять, повзрослев? Думаю, что у любого случайным образом выбранного щенка есть все шансы стать хорошей сторожевой пастушьей собакой или гончей. Он может научиться бежать в упряжке, пасти овец, сопровождать слепца или глухого. Готов поспорить, что эта собака, в отличие от соседских, была бы образцом генетического здоровья, ведь она выжила в самых первозданных условиях. А чего не смог бы мой щенок? Вероятно, он бы не стал победителем в гонках, на соревнованиях по рабочим навыкам или на экстерьерной выставке.
Пришло время, когда следует отказаться от точки зрения венца природы и перестать рассуждать о том, какая порода и какая собака лучше. Такой подход создал ловушку генетической изоляции. Хотелось бы ликвидировать эти ограничения «чистокровности». Это не значит, что надо смешать все породы и вернуться к первоначальной деревенской собаке. Но это значит, что необходимо ценить способности собак, их здоровье и чувства.
Истинная ценность любой собаки — будь то домашняя или служебная — в ее поведении. Как говорила моя бабушка, красив тот, кто красиво поступает. Лучше иметь маленькую собаку, чем длинную родословную. Хорошей собака становится после рождения, а не до. Нет генов хорошего домашнего любимца. Но есть породы, из которых просто не могут получиться домашние собаки, как их не воспитывай. Это те породы, которым свойственны определенные последовательности стереотипных форм поведения, не подходящие для домашних условий (см. гл. 6). Большая ошибка приобретать такую собаку для дома. И она, и ее владелец, скорее всего, будут несчастны.
Для большинства собак необходимо уделять внимание — и немалое — развитию в критический период социализации (с 1-й по 8-ю недели, а затем с 8-й по 16-ю), что является решающим для формирования хорошей собаки.
В процессе социализации и дрессировки помните, что собака — не волк.
И в то же время не забывайте, как сказал знаменитый канадский заводчик ездовых собак Эмиль Мартель, что «они всего лишь собаки».

Литература
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Введение
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